Can I use these recessed bulbs outdoors?

Only the ones explicitly rated for it. In this group the Govee PAR38 lists IP65 weatherproofing for porches and garages, and the Sunlite and halogen PAR30 listings mention weatherproof use, but most BR30 smart bulbs are indoor-only. Using an indoor-rated bulb in an exposed fixture risks moisture damage, so match the rating to the location.