Do eye creams actually reduce dark circles and puffiness?

Verified-purchase reviewers across these products report visible improvement in hydration, temporary depuffing, and the look of fine lines, but results vary by cause. Caffeine-based formulas (like The Ordinary's 5% Caffeine + EGCG) are most associated with temporary depuffing, while retinol/retinal formulas (Neutrogena, RoC, Beauty of Joseon) target fine lines over weeks. Note that the supplied data contained no independent lab testing to verify these claims, so manage expectations accordingly.